拍賣筆記 vol.83 宋代黑釉鐵鏽斑：02年13萬美金，16年4.7萬美金被低估，未來爆發的宋磁品種？- Song Dynasty Russet 'Partridge Feather'-Glazed Vase, Understated Aesthetic
- SACA
- Mar 4
- 9 min read
宋代黑釉鐵鏽斑磁品不僅在藝術史上佔有一席之地，其獨特的釉色變化與造型美學也為當代拍賣市場提供了值得深入研究的案例。隨著國際學術界及藏界對中國陶瓷研究的持續關注，未來這一品類有望迎來價格的再度突破，成為市場與學術雙重關注的焦點。
臨宇山人2018年佳士得421.25萬美元售出一件黑釉鐵鏽斑紋茶碗，價格超3000萬人民幣；壺中居2024年東美特別展中在第一天就售出一件同款；克拉克伉儷曾經1450萬港元售出一件花口盤，Eskenazi曾經經手這類作品，也是一個他非常看重的品種，參考：
2002年拍品
成交價格： USD 130,500（成交價遠超預估的USD 8,000–12,000）
作品特徵： 此件作品出自Marianne Landau遺產，屬於北宋／金代十二世紀的黑釉鐵鏽斑釉釉品。其瓶身呈現球形逐漸收窄的造型，配以喇叭頸及卷邊，釉面上黑釉中隨機散布的鐵鏽斑痕則形成了“雀羽斑”的獨特視覺效果，局部露出淡灰色胎質，展示了釉色的豐富層次。
歷史與來源： 作品曾出自倫敦Sotheby’s拍賣、阿爾弗雷德·肖恩利希特收藏，並於1936年在阿姆斯特丹的Friends of Asiatic Art展覽中亮相，同時亦曾借展於波士頓美術館，這些均為其藝術與歷史價值提供了有力佐證。
2016年拍品
成交價格： USD 47,500（低於預估的USD 60,000–80,000）
作品特徵： 來自一位中西部私人藏家，該件作品同樣屬於北宋／金代十二世紀的Cizhou型磁品。其造型與2002年拍品相仿，均呈現11寸（約28公分）高的比例，釉面亦呈現出黑釉與鐵鏽斑釉的效果，但成交價格顯示出市場對此類釉品認知上的低估現象。
學術探討與藝術價值
學者對“鐵鏽斑”或“雀羽斑”釉色的研究由來已久。R. D. Mowry在其論著中指出，從十世紀中期起，這類以大斑點構成的裝飾圖案便已在中式黑釉與褐釉瓷器中出現，其在十一世紀時逐漸發展成為磁品的顯著特徵。Warren E. Cox在《陶器與瓷器全書》中亦對此進行了詳細探討，認為該裝飾手法不僅體現了技藝上的精湛，也反映出當時釉色技法與審美趣味的演變。
市場動向與未來展望
從2002年與2016年的拍賣記錄中可以看出，儘管兩件作品均屬極為稀有的宋磁品，但其成交價格卻呈現出明顯的市場錯位：
2002年的驚人高價成交顯示出國際市場對此類作品潛在價值的高度認可，甚至超出拍賣前的低估；
2016年的成交價格則反映出當時市場對Cizhou型黑釉與鐵鏽斑釉磁品認識尚未完全，存在進一步價格攀升的潛力。
壺中居同款
壺中居在東美特別展2024年也展出一件類似的作品，展出第一天就售出。可見這類作品的認知已經逐漸普及，需求也正在上漲。
黒釉銹花尊式瓶（河南天目）壺中居
北宋～金時代（12世紀）磁州窯
高21.0cm 径11.4cm
「宋磁名品展」No.57［1962年］
小山冨士夫「陶磁大系 第三八巻 天目」No.25［1974年］
Vase in shape of Zun with Iron-Brown Black Glaze
Northern Song - Jin Dynasty (12c) Cizhou Ware
H.21.0cm Dia.11.4cm
Song Porcelain Masterpieces Exhibition, No.57, 1962
Fujio Koyama, Compendium of Ceramics, Volume 38,Tenmoku, No.25, 1974
常見問題解答：宋代鐵鏽斑釉磁品
1. 什麼是“雀羽斑”釉？為何在宋代陶瓷中具有重要意義？“雀羽斑”釉（亦稱“鐵鏽斑”，原文 zhegu ban）指的是在部分宋代陶瓷上，黑褐色釉面中點綴的赭色斑點。這種裝飾效果在十世紀中期的文獻中已有記載，而較大範圍的“雀羽斑”則在十一世紀的黑釉磁州窯作品中顯得尤為突出。這種釉色不僅展示了當時工匠在釉色控制上的技術成就，也體現了宋代獨特的審美取向與工藝創新。
2. 這些赭色釉磁品通常何時何地製作？這類磁品主要歸屬於北宋或金代時期，具體來看多屬於12世紀。其產地通常與磁州窯傳統相關，這些窯口以獨特且多變的釉色技法聞名，特別是在黑釉與赭色泼斑的組合上頗具代表性。
3. 拍賣記錄中所描述的赭色釉磁品有哪些主要特徵？根據拍賣記錄，此類磁品通常呈現以下特徵：
形制： 器形多為玉帶瓶或欄杆狀瓶，具有球形逐漸收窄的胎體，配以喇叭狀頸部及卷邊。
釉色： 釉面呈現光澤的黑或黑褐色，輔以不規則分布的赭色泼斑，形成獨特的“雀羽斑”效果；泼斑常沿著器物下部外緣散開，露出淡灰色胎質。
尺寸： 此類作品高度約為11英寸（約28公分）。
4. 根據拍賣記錄，這類磁品的市場價值隨時間有何變化？拍賣記錄顯示，這類磁品的市場價值存在明顯波動。例如，2002年的一件作品成交價高達 USD 130,500，而2016年另一件相似磁品的成交價僅為 USD 47,500，這反映出在不同時期市場對此類作品的認知與估值存在較大差異，甚至在某些時期出現了低估現象。
5. 影響宋代赭色釉磁品拍賣價格的因素有哪些？主要因素包括：
來源（Provenance）： 器物的歷史來源、所有權變遷以及是否曾在權威展覽或文獻中出現，均對價格有重大影響。
保存狀態（Condition）： 器物的保存情況至關重要，任何損壞或修復痕跡都可能降低其市場價值。
稀缺性（Rarity）： 由於此類黑釉與赭斑磁品極為罕見，其稀缺性往往推高了拍賣價格。
藝術魅力（Aesthetic Appeal）： 器物的整體造型、釉色效果以及裝飾的藝術水平也會吸引更多競買者，進而影響最終成交價。
6. 專家如何描述這些磁品的美學特質？專家普遍認為，此類磁品的美學呈現出一種“低調內斂”的風格。赭色泼斑在黑色釉面的襯托下，雖然形成了明顯的視覺對比，但整體效果卻顯得含蓄、優雅而不張揚；其自然主義的裝飾風格亦充分體現了宋代對細膩美感的追求。
7. 是否在博物館收藏或出版文獻中有其他此類磁品的例證？是的，相關文獻與博物館收藏中均有其他例證：
芝加哥藝術學院收藏的一件帶有赭斑的黑釉梅瓶；
曾屬於Robert E. Barron III, M.D收藏的一件奶油釉磁品，其形制與上述作品類似；
還有一件尺寸較小（約21公分）的磁品在Mayuyama出版的《Seventy Years》中有詳細記載。
8. 此種磁品在中國陶瓷的整體傳統中處於何種地位？這類磁品屬於宋代陶瓷的重要組成部分，其精緻的造型和創新的釉色技法體現了當時的工藝水平和審美取向。具體來說，它們隸屬於磁州窯的傳統，以堅實的造型和多樣化的釉色表現著稱，而黑釉與赭斑的獨特結合則反映了宋代對自然美與內斂風格的極致追求，在中國陶瓷史中具有重要地位。
Two Russet Patridge Feather Glaze Vases
2002 - USD 130500
PROPERTY FROM THE ESTATE OF MARIANNE LANDAU
A VERY RARE BLACK AND RUSSET 'PARTRIDGE-FEATHER'-GLAZED BALUSTER VASE
NORTHERN SONG/JIN DYNASTY, 12TH CENTURY
Price realised
USD 130,500
Estimate
USD 8,000 – USD 12,000
Estimates do not reflect the final hammer price and do not include buyer's premium, and applicable taxes or artist's resale right. Please see Section D of the Conditions of Sale for full details.
Closed:
20 Sep 2002
The bulbous, tapering ovoid body surmounted by a trumpet neck rising to a rolled rim, covered with a lustrous black glaze splashed in russet with 'partridge feather mottles' falling in an irregular line above the spreading pedestal foot to expose the pale grey body
11 1/8in. (28.1cm.) high
PROVENANCE
Sotheby's, London, 13 December 1955, lot 23, Alfred Schoenlicht Collection.
EXHIBITED
Friends of Asiatic Art Exhibition, Amsterdam, 1936.
On loan: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
2016 - USD 47500
PROPERTY FROM A PRIVATE MIDWEST COLLECTION
A VERY RARE CIZHOU-TYPE BLACK AND RUSSET 'PARTRIDGE FEATHER'-GLAZED VASE
NORTHERN SONG-JIN DYNASTY, 12TH CENTURY
Price realised
USD 47,500
Estimate
USD 60,000 – USD 80,000
Closed:
16 Sep 2016
The vase is covered with a lustrous blackish-brown glaze liberally splashed in russet with 'partridge feather mottles' that falls in an irregular line above the spreading foot to expose the pale grey body.
11 in. (28 cm.) high
PROVENANCE
Mrs. C. P. Wilson Collection.
Warren E. Cox, New York.
LITERATURE
Warren E. Cox, The Book of Pottery and Porcelain, vol. I, New York, 1944, p. 181, pl. 54.
Lot Essay
The bold russet splashes accenting the blackish-brown glaze on this exceptional vase are often referred to as zhegu ban, or ‘partridge-feather mottles’. In his discussion of a russet-splashed black-glazed meiping in the Art Institute of Chicago, R. D. Mowry in Hare's Fur, Tortoiseshell, and Partridge Feathers: Chinese Brown- and Black-Glazed Ceramics, 400-1400, Harvard University Art Museums, 1996, pp. 137-8, no. 35, notes that the "term, zhegu ban (partridge-feather mottles) appears in texts of the mid-tenth century to describe ceramics with mottled decoration." He further notes that the larger "partridge-feather mottles", of the type seen on the Chicago meiping and the present vase "began to appear in dark-glazed Cizhou-type wares in the eleventh century".
Although vases of this distinctive shape, with trumpet-shaped neck and rolled mouth rim, are known in Cizhou wares, such as the cream-glazed example from the collection of Robert E. Barron III, M.D sold in at Christie’s New York, 30 March 2005, lot 284, black-glazed examples with russet splashes are extremely rare. A very similar vase of comparable height (11 1/8 in.), from the Alfred Schoenlicht Collection, was sold at Christie's New York, 20 September 2002, lot 288, and another of smaller size (21 cm.) is illustrated in Mayuyama, Seventy Years, Vol. 1, Tokyo, 1976, p. 189, pl. 563.
Frequently Asked Questions: Song Dynasty Russet-Glazed Vases
What is a "partridge feather" glaze, and why is it significant in Song Dynasty ceramics?
"Partridge feather mottles" (zhegu ban) refers to the russet splashes that accent the blackish-brown glaze on certain Song Dynasty ceramics, particularly those of the Cizhou type. This mottled decoration was described in texts as early as the mid-10th century. The larger "partridge-feather mottles" became prominent on dark-glazed Cizhou-type wares in the 11th century. This glaze is significant because it represents a specific aesthetic choice and a technical achievement in controlling glaze effects, reflecting the artistic preferences and ceramic innovations of the period.
When and where were these russet-glazed vases typically produced?
The vases described are generally attributed to the Northern Song or Jin Dynasty period, specifically the 12th century. The origin is often associated with Cizhou-type wares, indicating production in kilns that followed the Cizhou tradition. These kilns were known for their distinctive and varied glaze techniques, including the black and russet combination.
What are the defining characteristics of the russet-glazed vases discussed in the auction records?
These vases typically feature a baluster shape with a bulbous, tapering ovoid body and a trumpet neck rising to a rolled rim. The glaze is a lustrous black or blackish-brown, liberally splashed with russet, creating the "partridge feather" mottles. The glaze falls in an irregular line above the spreading foot, exposing the pale grey body of the ceramic. The vases are of notable height, around 11 inches (28 cm).
How has the market value of these vases changed over time, according to the auction records?
The auction records provided show a fluctuating market value. A similar vase sold for USD 130,500 in 2002, while another sold for USD 47,500 in 2016. This suggests potential undervaluation in later years.
What factors might influence the price of a Song Dynasty russet-glazed vase at auction?
Several factors can influence the price, including:
Provenance: The history of ownership and previous exhibitions or publications can significantly impact value.
Condition: The state of preservation is crucial. Any damage or restoration can lower the price.
Rarity: The scarcity of similar examples affects demand and value. The auction notes emphasize the rarity of black-glazed vases with russet splashes of this shape.
Aesthetic Appeal: The quality and artistry of the glaze, the shape of the vase, and its overall visual appeal play a role in attracting bidders.
How do experts describe the aesthetic of these vases?
The aesthetic is often described as "understated." The russet splashes create a bold accent on the dark glaze, but the overall effect is one of subtle beauty rather than overt grandeur. The use of naturalistic motifs, like the "partridge feather" pattern, also contributes to this understated aesthetic.
Are there other known examples of these vases in museum collections or published literature?
Yes, the provided text mentions several:
A russet-splashed black-glazed meiping in the Art Institute of Chicago.
A cream-glazed Cizhou ware vase of a similar shape formerly in the collection of Robert E. Barron III, M.D.
Another vase of smaller size (21 cm.) illustrated in Mayuyama, Seventy Years.
Where does this vase style fit within the broader context of Chinese ceramics?
These russet-glazed vases are part of the larger tradition of Song Dynasty ceramics, known for its refined forms and innovative glaze techniques. Specifically, they belong to the Cizhou ware tradition, which was characterized by its robust forms and diverse range of decorative glazes. The black and russet combination represents a particular aesthetic within this tradition, reflecting the Song Dynasty's appreciation for naturalistic motifs and subtle beauty.
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