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明代筆記 vol.2 清響樓藏洪武白釉印雲龍紋大盌 - Bowl with Moulded Dragon amidst Clouds Design under White Glaze Hongwu Period, Benjamin W. Yim collection.





白釉印雲龍紋大盌

明 洪武 (1368-1398)

高 10 厘米

口徑 20.2 厘米


來源

Mrs. Walter Sedgwick • 沃爾特 • 賽奇韋克夫人 (1883-1967)


Hirano Kotoken Co., Ltd. • 平野古陶軒


出版

《The Important Collection of Chinese Ceramics, Lacquer, Cloisonne Enamel and Works of Art, Remaining after Bequests to Museums; The Property of the late Mrs. Walter Sedgwick (Sold by Order of the Executors)》;倫敦蘇富比,1968年7月2日,拍品編號116


香港藝術館,《博古存珍 • 敏求精舍金禧紀念展》,2010年9月25日 - 2011年1月2日,編號119


香港藝術館,《聚道傳承 —— 敏求精舍六十周年》,2020年12月18日 - 2021年4月28日,編號69


展覽

香港藝術館,《博古存珍 • 敏求精舍金禧紀念展》,2010年9月25日 - 2011年1月2日


香港藝術館,「聚道傳承 —— 敏求精舍六十周年」,2020年12月18日 - 2021年4月28日


此盌撇口圓腹,底承圈足,圈足內澀胎無釉。內壁模凸印一對五爪雲龍紋,盌心刻風帶如意雲紋,外壁腹部刻蓮瓣紋一周。通體施白釉,釉質瑩潤,釉面白中泛青綠,有別於元代樞府瓷釉面的乳濁色,亦與後來永樂白釉瓷如堆脂般的甜白質感有較明顯的區別,實為元代與永樂之間過渡的產物。


元代將五爪龍紋列為皇帝及親眷專用的紋飾,成為帝皇的象徵,禁止民間使用,此制為明代沿襲。按《明實錄》所載,明太祖於洪武二年擬定「凡祭器皆用磁」,而根據此盌的顏色形制亦應為祭祀器物。


洪武顏色釉分單色和雙色兩種,基本主色為白、紅、黃、霽青、醬,雙色則為外醬裏霽青、外霽青裏紅、外白裏醬等品種。


值得一提的是,與此盌釉色不同,但器型比例、紋飾、尺寸幾乎完全相同者,目前僅見兩例。一例為外白釉裏醬釉印雲龍紋盌①、另一例則為外霽青釉裏紅釉印雲龍紋盌①,分別藏於日本的大和文華館及出光美術館。而此白釉印雲龍紋盌亦應為存世孤品。


另外,可資比較的例子亦見上海博物館藏白釉印雲龍紋盤②、台北故宮博物院藏紅釉印雲龍紋小盌、美國納爾遜 - 阿特金斯藝術博物館藏外醬釉裏霽青釉印雲龍紋高足盌、大英博物館藏外醬釉裏霽青釉印雲龍紋高足盌及外醬釉裏霽青釉印雲龍紋小盤等。


Bowl with Moulded Dragon amidst Clouds Design under White Glaze

Hongwu Period (1368-1398)

Ming Dynasty

Height 10 cm

Mouth Diameter 20.2 cm

Benjamin W. Yim collection


拍賣及展覽出版物:


1.《The Important Collection of Chinese Ceramics, Lacquer, Cloisonne Enamel and Works of Art, Remaining after Bequests to Museums; The Property of the late Mrs. Walter Sedgwick (Sold by Order of the Executors)》;倫敦蘇富比,1968年7月2日,拍品編號116






2. 香港藝術館,《博古存珍 • 敏求精舍金禧紀念展》,2010年9月25日 - 2011年1月2日,編號119






3. 香港藝術館,《聚道傳承 —— 敏求精舍六十周年》,2020年12月18日 - 2021年4月28日,編號69






參考圖版:


① 大阪市立東洋陶磁美術館《元の染付展 • 14世紀の景徳鎮窯》,1985,編號51、53




② 上海博物館《上海博物館藏品研究大系 • 明代官窑瓷器》,2007,編號1-3




Bowl with Moulded Dragon amidst Clouds Design under White Glaze

Hongwu Period (1368-1398)

Ming Dynasty

Height 10 cm

Mouth Diameter 20.2 cm


Benjamin W. Yim collection


This bowl has a flared rim and round body, supported by a foot ring at the base. A pair olfive-clawed dragons were impressed in the inner surface, with the centre decorated with ascrolling ruyi cloud while the exterior is incised with lotus-petal scrolls on the lower section.


The entire body has a lustrous transparent glaze with a tinge of blue, which differs from theopaque white of the shufu ware from the Yuan dynasty and the tianbai porcelain from theYongle period, Thus, this ware is believed to be a product of the transitional period between the Yuan dynasty and Yongle reign.


During the Yuan dynasty, the five-clawed dragon was asymbol permitted only to the emperor and members of the imperial family, a practice that continued in to the Ming dynasty. According to Ming Shilu (Veritable Records of The Ming) in the second year of his reign (1369), the Hongwu Emperor ordered that “all ritual wares must be made of porcelain".


Judging by the shape, this bowl was possibly used as a ritual vessel, Hongwu glazed ware was usually applied with monochrome or dual-colour glazes. The primary monochromes were white, red, sacrificial blue, brown and yellow, while the dual colours included combinations such as exterior brown interior sacrificial blue, exterior white interior brown, and exterior sacrificial blue interior red. Hence, this white-glazed bowl is the sole surviving piece of its kind.


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