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宋代筆記 vol.70 銀兔毫天目茶碗的審美:德川美術館傳世南宋建盞 - Silver Tenmoku, the Aesthetic of Heirloom, Tokugawa Art Museum.


這件德川美術館的傳世建盞十分特殊:


  1. 尺寸較小 (11cm左右)

  2. 造型挺拔,碗內銀兔毫十分明確

  3. 外壁銀兔毫分佈特殊,一面聚集形成星斑。


本次更新官方圖片可以清晰看到有些傳世建盞的口沿常見的這類帶有大漆殘留的現象。建盞並不是模製,因此雖然在普通人眼中看起來差不多,但在訓練過的帶著審美眼光的茶人之眼中,卻是千變萬化。


總體而言,在日本傳世的天目茶碗中,兔毫、油滴等硬性技術指標並不是唯一的判斷。在此之外,總體器型、比例、厚薄,釉的質感,光澤等也是綜合判斷的重要因素。


This update to the official pictures clearly shows this type of lacquer residue around the mouth of some heirloom Tenmoku. As Tenomku bowls are not moulded, so although it may look similar to the casual observer, to the trained eye of the aesthetically inclined tea drinker, it can vary greatly.


Overall, the hard technical indicators such as rabbit hair and oil drop are not the only judgement in the Japanese heirloom Tenmoku tea bowls. In addition, the overall shape, proportions, thickness, glaze texture and lustre are also important factors in the overall judgement.


禾目天目のぎめてんもく


禾目天目は、黒釉(こくゆう)の中に褐色釉が細い縦縞のように生じた釉調(ゆうちょう)の建盞天目(けんさんてんもく)をいう。窯変(ようへん)によって現れた縦縞がイネ科の植物の禾(外殻にある針状の剛毛)に似ていることから、その名がある。中国では、兎の毛に見立て、兎毫盞(とごうさん)と呼ばれている。


【中国・南宋時代 12-13世紀】



銀色星班的審美,令人聯想到小堀遠州的「埋火」天目,但是那件是茶洋窯,德川這件是建窯的產品。


這類尺寸的小號茶碗,德川美術館還有另一例,也就是上一期提到的黃天目茶碗(茶洋窯)。德川家似乎對這類小號天目茶碗偏愛,其造型也十分規整,是非常好的研究對象。


小堀遠州「埋火」天目 南宋 - 元時代

德川美術館 黃天目 南宋 - 元時代


放眼當下市場,由於對級別的理解沒有數百年茶道的支撐而導致級別的定奪全由商販隨意決定,這在國際市場欠缺共識和說服力的同時,也導致了一些對宋代作品級別的誤讀和誤判。


尺寸小的器物,容易被定為級別不高,德川的這兩件收藏便是最好的反駁:即使尺寸非常規,在綜合審美上乘的情況下,依然是將軍的至愛。



This is a very special heirloom Kenzan from the Tokugawa Museum of Art:


  • It is small in size (about 11cm)


  • The shape of the bowl is very straight and the silver hare's hairs are very clear inside the bowl.


  • On the outside, the silver hare's hairs are distributed in a special way, and on one side they are clustered to form a starburst.


The aesthetic of the silver starbursts is reminiscent of the ‘buried fire’ tenmoku of Kobori Enshu, but that is a product of the Chayang kiln, whereas the Tokugawa piece is a product of the Jian kiln.


The Tokugawa Museum also has another example of a small tea bowl of this size, the yellow Tenmoku tea bowl (Chayang kiln) mentioned in the previous issue. The Tokugawa family seems to have had a preference for this type of small-sized teapot, and its shape is very well defined, making it a very good subject for study.



Looking at the current market, the lack of a centuries-old tea ceremony to support the understanding of grades has led to grades being determined at the whim of traders,


This lack of consensus and conviction in the international market has also led to some misinterpretation and misjudgement of the grade of Song works, and the tendency for small-sized objects to be classified as low-grade is best refuted by these two pieces from Tokugawa's collection: even if the size of the pieces is unconventional, they are still the favourites of the Shoguns, even though they are aesthetically pleasing.


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