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宋代筆記 vol.86 南宋官窯青磁八方瓶,清宮舊藏、仇焱之、安宅英以、大阪市立東洋陶瓷博物館 - Southern Song Dynasty Guan Octagonal Vase, Imperial Court, Edward T. Chow, Ataka, Moco Collection.



清宮舊藏,編號第751號,存世唯一毫無爭議的南宋官窯八方瓶。釉色清潤,開大片,淡金色,與「玉津園」類似,但釉色在自然光下呈現出淡淡的綠色,溫潤如和田玉。


No. 751 in the Qing Palace Collection, the only undisputed southern song guan octagonal vase from the Official kilns of the Southern Song dynasty in existence. The glaze is of a clear, open, pale gold colour, similar to that of ‘Yuzinyuan’, but the glaze appears in natural light to be a pale green, reminiscent Hetian jade.



南宋官窯的審美一直屬於皇家秘藏,在清宮至寶散出之前,世人並不知道這一品種。就連三菱集團岩崎家從壺中居手中購入南宋官窯三足鼎式爐的時候,也是靠對比自家的龍泉爐之後發現無可比擬後購入,後來才發現是南宋官窯。(南宋官窯的日本原點)


南宋官窯三足鼎式爐 靜嘉堂文庫美術館 壺中居經手

圖片攝影:曹宇韜


南宋官窯在日本,還意外的有一件傳世作品,曾為德川家的水指。這件作品在出光美術館展出的時候,被學者認為是青釉,但是回到東京國立博物館,被重新認定為南宋官窯。南宋官窯是如何意外的傳到日本,相信是日明貿易時意外流散。這件作品的流傳十分值得研究。


There is also an unexpected heirloom piece of Southern Song Imperial Kiln in Japan that was once a water pot for the Tokugawa family. When this piece was exhibited at the Idemitsu Museum of Art, it was considered by scholars to be green glaze celadon (instead of guan kiln), but when it was returned to the Tokyo National Museum, it was re-identified as a Southern Song Dynasty kiln. It is believed that the piece was accidentally dispersed during the trade between Japan and the Ming Dynasty.




▲ 南宋官窑琮瓶 / 青瓷花瓶,德川义直 — 德川家光 — 广田松繁(不孤斋)— 东京国立博物馆藏。


仇焱之經手的三件八方瓶,一件為本品,另兩件曾經在蘇富比賣出,分別是1億以及2000萬人民幣,爭議頗多。後兩件審美角度與本品有較大的區別。


Of the three octagonal vases handled by Edward T. Chow, aside from this piece, the other two were sold at Sotheby's for RMB 100 million and RMB 20 million, respectively, which was the subject of much controversy. The latter two are aesthetically different from the present bottle.


参考:



高(cm) 21.0 最大径(cm) 13.5 重量(g) 795


瓶下腹鼓張,盤口外撇呈寬折唇狀,器身作八稜式。可能為模仿古銅器的弦紋,於器頸與肩部飾突起線紋。全器厚施乳濁淡青色調的粉青釉。


此器胎土為灰黑色,圈足接地處露胎,即所謂「鐵足」,為南宋官窯的特色之一。在被認為是南宋修內司官窯的杭州老虎洞窯址以及杭州烏龜山的郊壇下官窯窯址亦曾出土類似之弦紋瓶,但在釉色與作風上略有差異。即便如此,此作釉色優美、造型端正,兼有「薄胎厚釉」等特色,可以說是具備南宋官窯特徵的作品。



This vase has a depressed, pear-shaped body beveled into an octagonal form and a mouth with a flat brim. The raised lines on the neck and shoulder probably imitate similar motifs on ancient bronze ware. The milky, pale powder-blue glaze with a greenish tinge thickly covers the body. The clay body has a grayish black color and the foot rim is left unglazed to reveal the clay underneath, one of the features of Southern Song Guan ware known as "iron foot." While similar examples have been discovered at the kiln sites of Laohudong, which is thought to be the Southern Song Xiuneisi Guan (official) kiln, and the Jiaotanxia Guan kiln at the foot of Mount Wugui, both in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, the glaze color and execution of this work are slightly different from them. However, it deserves to be called a Southern Song Guan ware from its features: in addition to the beautiful glaze color and the handsome form, this work has a typical thin body and thick glaze observed in Southern Song Guan ware.


下蕪形の瓶の口縁を鍔状に作り、全体を八面に面取しています。頸部と肩に見られる突線は、古銅器の弦文を写したものと考えられます。釉薬が何層にも厚くかけられ、白濁気味の淡青緑色の呈しています。胎土は灰黒色で、高台畳付は露胎となり、南宋官窯の特徴の一つである、いわゆる「鉄足(てっそく)」となっています。類似の弦文瓶は南宋修内司官窯と考えられる浙江省の杭州老虎洞窯址や杭州烏亀山の郊壇下官窯址でも出土していますが、釉色や作行など微妙に異なりますが、釉色の美しさや造形の端正さ、いわゆる「薄胎厚釉(はくたいこうゆう)」(胎土が薄く、釉薬の厚いこと)など、南宋官窯と呼ぶにふさわしい特徴を有した作品といえます。



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